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Solar Photovoltaics

Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit

Note: Section 13302 of The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) extended the expiration date and modified the phase down of this tax credit. It also made stand-alone energy storage systems eligible for the credit, and biomass heaters ineligible for the credit. Biomass heaters are now eligible for the residential energy efficiency tax credit. The summary below reflects the credit after the enactment of H.R. 5376.

A taxpayer may claim a credit for a system that serves a dwelling unit located in the United States that is owned and used as a residence by the taxpayer. Expenditures

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Energy-Efficient Mortgages

Homeowners can take advantage of energy efficient mortgages (EEM) to either finance energy efficiency improvements to existing homes, including renewable energy technologies, or to increase their home buying power with the purchase of a new energy efficient home. The U.S. federal government supports these loans by insuring them through Federal Housing Authority (FHA) or Veterans Affairs (VA) programs. This allows borrowers who might otherwise be denied loans to pursue energy efficiency, and it secures lenders against loan default.

FHA Energy Efficient Mortgages
The FHA allows lenders to add up to 100% of energy efficiency improvements to an existing mortgage loan

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Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC)

Note: The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) made several significant changes to this tax credit, including extending the expiration date, providing for new bonus credits, and establishing new criteria to qualify for the full credit. It also phases out this tax credit under section 45 of the Internal Revenue Code at the end of 2024 and replaces it with a new technology-neutral tax credit under section 45Y of the Internal Revenue Code. The summary below describes the current section 45 tax credit as modified by the Inflation Reduction Act, and below that, the new 45Y tax

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Commercial Solar Grant Program

Note: As of February 24, 2025, this program has closed for applications; approximately 100% of funding has been awarded for FY 2025.


The Maryland Energy Administration Commercial Solar Grant Program ("CSGP", "the Program") will provide grants for solar PV systems installed at Maryland businesses, nonprofits, and other organizations, that will be owned by or directly benefit (1) low-to-moderate income communities located in a census tract with an average median income at or below 80% of the average median income for the State, or (2) overburdened or underserved communities, as defined by §1-701 of the Environment Article, Annotated Code of Maryland

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Community Solar Gardens

In May 2013, Minnesota enacted HF 729, which created the framework for Community Solar Gardens. The law set no cumulative capacity limits, but each Community Solar facility would be limited to 1 MW capacity.

Customers of Xcel Energy subscribe to community solar garden projects offered by private developers. Customers of other utilities may subscribe to community solar gardens that are offered by their utility.

H.F. 2310 of 2023 made major reforms to community solar rules. Community solar projects may now be up to 5 MW of capacity. 30% of each project's subscribers must be low or moderate-income. 25% of

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City and County of Denver - Home Energy Rebates

Denver provides incentives for various home energy technologies. Incentives are available for single-family homes, duplexes, and town homes, covering existing homes, rehabs, and new construction; commercial and multifamily buildings are eligible for the city's heat pump rebates for existing buildings. These incentives can be stacked with incentives from Xcel Energy, the state government, the federal government, and the Inflation Reduction Act. Available rebates include:

  • Electric vehicle charger: 80% of cost, up to $200
  • BI-directional electric vehicle charger: 80% of project cost, up to $2,000
  • Cold climate air source heat pump: 40% of project cost, up to $1,200
  • Ground source
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City and County of Denver - Solar and EV Charging for Nonprofits

Denver's Office of Climate Action, Sustainability, and Resiliency can fund up to 100% of the costs associated with installing solar panels, battery storage, and vehicle-to-building EV charging for Human Service Providers. The projects must consider renewable power generation and resiliency, and the applicant must have a demonstrable connection to and input from the local community. The building must be served by Xcel Energy, and it must be owned or occupied by the Human Service Provider applicant. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis.

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City and County of Denver - Solar Rebate

Denver's Solar Rebate Program, in partnership with Switch Together Denver and Solar United Neighbors, provides $8,000 to income-qualified families to install a rooftop solar system. Systems cannot exceed 7 kW or 110% of 12-month history of electricity use.

Families must participate in the Switch Together Denver program, the city's Solarize program providing residents with cheaper solar installations through collective purchasing.

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