Interconnection Standards

Note: The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) has an ongoing interconnection rule revision docket (Rulemaking (R.) 17-07-007) that has made many revisions to interconnection rules since July 13, 2017. Current interconnection rules for each utility are available at the CPUC website.

California's "Rule 21" generally applies to systems connecting to an investor-owned utility’s distribution grid, non-export generating facilities connecting to an investor-owned utility’s transmission grid and all net metered facilities in an investor-owned utility’s service territory. Systems connecting to an investor-owned utility’s distribution grid for the purpose of participating in a wholesale transaction must apply under the investor-owned utility’s Wholesale Distribution Access Tariff. Systems connecting to the transmission grid must apply to the California Independent System Operator for interconnection. Systems connecting to the grid of a municipal or cooperative utility must follow the interconnection procedures adopted by that utility.

Rule 21 clearly defines a series of screens meant to filter applicants into the study path most suited for their project. It also establishes fixed timelines for the screens intended to speed the process of approval. Also defined in the tariff are a variety of fees and deposits required at various stages of the interconnection process. Net metered facilities are exempt from most of these fees.

Fast Track Eligibility
Non-exporting systems (sized and designed so that the electricity is only used on-site and will never deliver electricity to the grid) and all net metered systems, regardless of nameplate capacity, can qualify for Fast Track. Exporting facilities may also be considered for Fast Track if they meet certain size restrictions or if the owner agrees to certain utility-approved protective devices.

After a customer applies for interconnection, the utility performs an Initial Review. If the applicant passes through Initial Review, the system will be able to interconnect without a Supplemental Review. If Supplemental Review is required, the applicant will be notified and can elect to have their application withdrawn, or proceed through the next layer of screens.

Detailed Study Eligibility
Systems not eligible for Fast Track may apply for interconnection through a detailed study process. The detailed study options include an Independent Study Process, a Distribution Group Study Process or a Transmission Cluster Study Process. The parameters for each process are provided in Rule 21.